.... and Still More Global Economic Effects (8):


Poverty, hunger prevent Filipino kids from getting basic education

JOHANNA CAMILLE SISANTE, GMANews.TV
08/04/2008 | 01:09 PM
MANILA, Philippines - Despite the annual increase in the budget for basic education, fewer children are enrolling in schools. The reason: poverty.

Twelve-year-old Marian (not her real name) is one of the millions of Filipino children whose education has taken a backseat due to poverty. The fifth of eight children, she fled her home when she was 10 because she said her jobless parents hurt her.

Marian is supposed to be in the sixth grade this year, but she’s currently enrolled as a Grade 1 pupil, learning basic language lessons and math skills in a public elementary school in Cainta, Rizal. A certain “Ate Rowena" took her in and convinced her to go back to school.

Marian has to face challenges in school. “Marami pong nanlalait sa ‘kin dahil Grade 1 ako pero malaki ako…hindi ko pinapakinggan yun kasi ito na po yung simula para maipagpatuloy ko po yung pag-aaral ko at makatapos po ako

Despite the challenges, Marian is lucky compare to thousands of other Filipino children.

1 out of 6 kids not in school

One out of six school-age Filipino children is not enrolled, figures from the Department of Education (DepEd) and the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) revealed.

The net enrollment ratio (NER) or participation rate at the elementary level for school year 2006-2007 was 83.2 percent, down by 1.2 percentage points from the previous school year and a far cry from school year 1999-2000’s 96.95 percent.

The NER is the ratio between the enrollment in the school-age range and the total population of that age range. That means that out of all Filipino children aged 6-11—which is the official age range for elementary pupils—17.8 percent or almost one-fifth are out of school.

DepEd figures also show that from 1999 to 2007 participation in elementary education decreased, save for a 0.19-percentage point increase in 2002. 

The rate of participation in secondary education is even worse. From 2002 to 2007, almost half or 43.7 of all Filipinos aged 12-15—the official age range for high school—failed to enroll. This is lower than the participation rate of 65.43 percent in 1999-2000.

With these figures the country is still far from achieving the Millennium Development Goal of providing basic education to all, the NSCB said in its report. The Philippines is also far from achieving its own Education for All 2015 Plan, which serves as the blueprint for the country’s basic education.

(Other children tease me because I’m still in Grade 1…but I don’t mind them because this is my chance to continue and finish my studies)," she said. <http://www.gmanews.tv/story/111257/Poverty-hunger-prevent-Filipino-kids-from-getting-basic-education>

Senators chide Customs for failure to curb illegal agri imports

08/06/2008 | 02:10 PM
MANILA, Philippines - Senators on Wednesday chastised the Bureau of Customs (BoC) for failing to intercept illegally-imported agricultural products into the country.

In a report, dzBB’s Nimfa Arevalo said during a Senate hearing, Senators Francis Escudero and Juan Ponce Enrile criticized the BoC for allowing importers without proper tax identification numbers to bring in onions and other agricultural products to the country.

Escudero cited a letter from Finance Sec. Margarito Teves reprimanding Customs commissioner Napoleon Morales in 2006 for letting 28 onion importers not registered with the Bureau of Internal Revenue to import goods into the country.

Escudero said that aside from letting illegal importers operate, the BoC's failure to curb these illegal activities are killing local agricultural production.

On the other hand, Customs deputy commissioner Alexander Arevalo admitted his agency is unable to thoroughly scrutinize all import transactions because it has not been granted the P5 million it requested for the computerization of its systems.

Escudero expressed dismay at Arevalo’s response, saying that while Customs officials could afford to split among themselves P500 million from excess tax collection, they could not allocate P5 million for the computerization program.

Last July, "cash rewards" were distributed among Customs officials because the agency collected P198.2 billion in revenues for 2006, exceeding its P196 million target by P2.2 billion.

Even as Morales maintained that there is nothing illegal about the cash incentives, he said he is willing to return his P5.2 million incentive to address the grievance posted by 80 Customs personnel who did not reach their target for 2006 and received an average of P8,500 each. - Johanna Camille Sisante, GMANews.TV <http://www.gmanews.tv/story/111798/Senators-chide-Customs-for-failure-to-curb-illegal-agri-imports>

How secure is your card info?

by Maggie Shiels
Technology reporter, BBC News Website, Silicon Valley


Stolen information was encoded on blank cards used at ATM machines

In light of the biggest identity theft case ever prosecuted in America, the spotlight is being turned on just how secure is our credit and debit card information?

The question is a simple one but the answer might appear to be a bit harder to pin down.

VeriSign, a firm that secures websites for e-commerce, told the BBC that credit and debit card information is "vulnerable" but they are working with retailers to change that.

"Credit and debit card information is just not incredibly secure," said Perry Tancredi, VeriSign's senior product manager for fraud detection.

"But it is counterbalanced by the amount of fraud losses due to cheque fraud and direct debit fraud which is much greater than credit card fraud."

Mr Tancredi said: "Regardless of how strong the security measures, and how vigilant, the weak part of the chain is there is always a human who is responsible and who has overall control over the information."

He suggested the best bet was for all consumers to "assume that there will be some sort of fraud on your account sooner or later" and put in place a plan to deal with it. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7544313.stm>


Computers pile up in Ghana dump

By Will Ross
BBC West Africa correspondent

Have you ever wondered where old computers end up? China and India have been popular destinations, but in Ghana the piles of old computers are increasing every week even though the trade is illegal.

As we upgrade at an ever faster rate, campaigners are calling for action to prevent toxic, electronic or "e" waste being dumped on poor countries.

The United Nations believes we generate between 20m and 50m tonnes of e-waste around the world each year.

Agbobloshie dump site in Ghana's capital, Accra, is a computer graveyard. But PCs are not given a decent, safe burial - they are dumped on this expanding, toxic treasure trove.

Many of the well-known brands are there: Compaq, Dell, Gateway, Philips, Canon, Hewlett Packard.


I'm looking in the computers for copper and iron which I can sell to pay the [school] fees
Ibrahim Adams

Labels give away the fact that many lived their useful lives in the UK: "Richmond upon Thames College", "Southampton City Council", "Kent County Council", are just a few.

They are dissected for any reusable parts like lenses from the disc drives and circuit boards, and with global scrap prices soaring, metals are in high demand.

Fifteen-year-old Ibrahim Adams picks up a rock and smashes an old computer screen to smithereens.

He then tears off the mesh behind the glass, and after a couple of minutes he is squashing the screen's metal casing under foot.

If he collects five of them he might be able to trade them in for about 20 cents (10p).

"My headmaster sent me home last week because I hadn't paid the school fees.

"I'm looking in the computers for copper and iron which I can sell to pay the fees," he tells me as his eyes dart around the dump in search of more treasure.

Moon boots

To gain an idea of how people in the rich countries sometimes provide inappropriate gifts, you only need to take a look at Ibrahim's footwear which he found abandoned on the same rubbish heap.

He is wearing a pair of red moon boots that once graced European ski resorts.


Ibrahim needs the moon boots to walk over a carpet of smashed glass

No, it has not started snowing in steamy Ghana. But this seemingly out-of-place attire provides good protection as Ibrahim trudges through the toxic sludge, smashing screens in search of scrap.

He needs to raise the equivalent of around $80 before he can return to school. It will take him a few weeks but in the meantime he, his nine-year-old brother Dallad and the rest of the army of young workers in Agbobloshie are putting their health at risk.

In large areas of this dump the ground is no longer brown earth, it is a carpet of broken glass. But what is not so visible poses a greater danger.

Environmental campaign group Greenpeace took soil and water samples from the scrap market and found high concentrations of leads, phthalates or plastic softeners and dioxins that are known to promote cancer.

"Chemicals like lead are very dangerous especially for children. They affect the brain when it is developing and therefore cause a lower IQ when they grow up," Greenpeace's Kim Schoppink says.

"Other chemicals we found cause cancer or disrupt your hormone system." <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7543489.stm>

Hospitals 'infested with vermin'


Rats have been regularly found in hospitals
The cleanliness of most NHS hospitals in England is threatened by frequent invasions of rats, fleas, bedbugs, flies and cockroaches, a report claims.

Figures released by the Conservatives show that 70% of NHS Trusts brought in the pest controllers at least 50 times over a two-year period.

Vermin were found in wards, clinics and even operating theatres. A patients' group said the situation was revolting.

But health chiefs played down fears the infestations could lead to disease.

The figures were obtained by the Conservatives under the Freedom of Information Act, with every hospital asked to reveal how often pest controllers had visited between January 2006 and March this year.

If these hospitals were restaurants they would be closed down and out of business

Patients Association

Of those who replied, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust topped the table, with more than 1,000 incidents, and five other trusts passed the 800 mark. All the respondents had reported some pest problem in the two-year period.

Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust said that, as the fourth largest in England, it was likely to encounter more pest control problems, and might be recording incidents differently to other trusts.

While most infestations involved non-clinical areas, some trusts reported problems nearer to patients.

VERMIN IN HOSPITALS
Maggots in a patient's slippers
Fleas in a neonatal unit
Sterile store infested with mice
Mouse droppings in a clinic
Wasp nest in A&E

One had wasps in a neo-natal unit, and flying ants on the main wards, while another reported rats in their maternity unit, and wasps in operating theatres.

A children's A&E was infested with flies, and main wards were also home to mice, silverfish, biting insects and beetles.

Other common problems included bedbugs, fleas and cockroaches.

Shadow health secretary Andrew Lansley said: "Labour have said over and over that they will improve cleanliness in our hospitals, but these figures clearly show that they are failing."

Both the Department of Health and the Health Protection Agency (HPA) were sceptical of suggestions by the Conservatives that the presence of insect infestations could help spread infections among patients.

MOST PEST CONTROL VISITS
Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust: 1,070
Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust: 898
Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust: 857
Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust: 855
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust: 813
Barts and the London NHS Trust: 801
York Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust: 690
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust: 658
Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust: 450
East Kent Hospitals NHS Trust: 416
Source: Figures obtained by the Conservatives for January 2006 to April 2008

A spokesman for the HPA said: "In countries with good standards of healthcare, the possibility for insects or pests to transmit infections in hospitals would be very remote.

"In the UK, wounds are treated appropriately and dressings applied to ensure good hygiene and prevent infection."

However, a spokesman from the Patients Association was unconvinced, saying: "Such findings are truly revolting.

"How can patients be safe amid bedbugs, fleas and rats? These findings reveal what happens when money is taken away from where patients expect to see it spent.

"If these hospitals were restaurants they would be closed down and out of business." <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7542718.stm>

Maggots could help in MRSA battle


Around 20 maggots produce one drop of the purified antibiotic
Scientists hope maggots can help produce an antibiotic that can tackle strains of the MRSA superbug.

The researchers at Swansea University are developing the antibiotic from maggot secretions from the common green bottle fly.

They hope to develop it into an injection, pill or ointment to tackle 12 strains of MRSA, as well as as well as E.coli and C.difficile.

The research also involved scientists at universities in Belgium.

The antibiotic has been named Seraticin and scientists have studied how it can prevent infection.

It takes around 20 maggots to make one drop of the antibiotic in its purified form.

Scientists now hope to complete the identification of the compound and find a way to synthesise it, before it can be tested on human cells and trialled to determine its medical effectiveness.

Using live maggots on infected wounds is a well established method of tackling infections.

'Bacterial growth'

Professor Norman Ratcliffe, a principal researcher on the project, said: "It has been a huge team effort to get to this level and I am delighted with our progress.

"However there is more to do if we are to realise the maximum benefits from this discovery.

He said the next stage was to confirm its exact identity using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses to produce it chemically on a larger scale.

Dr Alun Morgan of ZooBiotic Ltd, based in Wales, that supplied the maggots for the project, said: "Maggots are great little multi-taskers.

"They produce enzymes that clean wounds, they make a wound more alkaline which may slow bacterial growth and finally they produce a range of antibacterial chemicals that stop the bacteria growing."

The research was funded by leading charity Action Medical Research, with support from the Rosetrees Trust.

The University of Manchester has been carrying out similar research, after using green bottle fly larvae to treat diabetic patients, whose foot ulcers were contaminated with MRSA.

They found that most were cured within three weeks, compared to 28 weeks with conventional treatment. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/7543930.stm>


Microsoft launches open source lab in RP

VERONICA C. SILVA, GMANews.TV
08/07/2008 | 04:21 PM

MANILA, Philippines - Software giant Microsoft will establish an open source interoperability laboratory in the Philippines, considered as the first in the region.

In a press briefing on Thursday, officials of Microsoft Philippines and the government’s Commission on Information and Communication Technology said the laboratory will spur the development of open source technologies.

The laboratory will be located at the National Computer Center (NCC) in Quezon City but won't be operational until September. It will be open to open source and cross-platform enthusiasts, including students, professionals, companies and users groups.

“The interoperability lab is essential to the industry in that it encourages IT professionals and enthusiasts to explore the possibility of interoperable technology. This will be a good venue for them to be creative and imaginative, and to explore technology without boundaries," NCC Director General Tim Diaz de Rivera.

Microsoft has also opened other similar laboratories worldwide, particularly Brazil which is a staunch supporter of open source technology. The lab enhances Microsoft technologies to support the Open Document Format (ODF) and collaboration with non-profit open source groups, Microsoft said in a statement.

Microsoft also has Linux Interoperability Lab and an Open Source Software Lab located in Redmond, Washington.

“Microsoft's interoperability efforts pave the way for the development of more products that leverage on our technologies and are able to work well with other solutions," said Ken Wye Saw, Microsoft Vice-President for Sales and Marketing, Microsoft Asia Pacific.

Interoperability is a crucial issue in industry these days because of the availability of different old and new technologies that need to work together to perform equally crucial functions. - GMANews.TV <http://www.gmanews.tv/story/112115/Microsoft-launches-open-source-lab-in-RP>


UK questioned on online ad system

Commissioner Reding
The commissioner for the Information Society wants to know more

The UK government has until the end of August to respond to a letter from the European Union about a controversial system which monitors web traffic.

EU commissioner Viviane Reding has asked the UK government to clarify whether the Phorm system is in breach of European data laws.

Phorm tracks users' web habits in order to better target ads at them and three UK ISPs are so far signed up to it.

BT is due to begin a widescale trial of the service imminently.

No action

Revelations that the telco conducted secret trials without seeking the consent of customers have led opponents of the scheme to call for it to be prosecuted.

They believe BT's two earlier trials were illegal because users were not informed that their web habits were under surveillance.

But the Information Commission ruled in May that no action would be taken against the telco due to the difficult nature of explaining to consumers what it was doing.

It said anyone using Phorm must ask for the consent of users before going ahead with any further trials.

Virgin Media and TalkTalk are also considering whether to use the system.

E-petition

The letter from Mrs Reding, the details of which are not publicly known, was sent in mid-July and the UK government has until the end of August to respond.

According to a spokesman for Reding's information society and media commission, there is already a "dialogue" with the UK government although no details of this have been revealed.

"We are working with a number of departments on a response," said a spokeswoman for the Department of Business.

The Foundation for Information Policy Research (Fipr) has been one of the more outspoken critics of Phorm.

Fipr's general counsel Nicholas Bohm believes ISPs implementing the system could find website owners objecting.

"There is going to be increased focus on the rights of website owners and their right to prevent material being used to the advantage of their competitors," he said.

He believes pressure from the EU may force the Information Commissioner to re-examine the system when BT rolls it out.

"BT will persuade themselves to do it because they see a lot of money in it but it is unlikely that it will be compliant," he said.

An e-petition on the Downing Street website calling for Phorm to be dropped has so far attracted over 16,000 signatures. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7542810.>


Credit crunch: Around the world


Not every country's economy has been affected by the credit crunch

One year after the start of the global credit crunch, the various regions of the world are experiencing a range of different market conditions.

Some countries are struggling to cope with economic slowdown and avoid recession, while others are virtually unscathed.

We asked BBC correspondents in key cities to tell us about the most important economic factors in their regions and to give us an idea of the local mood. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7537173.stm>


Elastic electronics see better

By Jennifer Carpenter
Science reporter, BBC News


Scientists used a 2cm concave camera to take better pictures

A new camera designed with a curved detection surface allows imaging devices to see as animals do.

The camera, inspired by the human eye, relies on the ability to construct silicon electronics on a stretchable membrane.

In the future, these electronic membranes could be wrapped around human organs to act as health monitoring devices, say US-based developers.

The new technology is described in a paper in the journal Nature.

Photosensitive displays - like the ones used in digital cameras - are made up of thousands of pixels and are usually formed on a flat, rigid, semiconductor wafer, explained Dr John Rogers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, US, who led the team of researchers.

"No animal's eyes are like that; the retina is curved," Dr Rogers said.

"This curvature allows animals to see the world without distortion - unlike the images produced from cameras, which lose focus at the periphery."

Hoping to improve digital imaging, the Illinois-based researcher and his team, joined up with a group of mechanical engineers from Northwestern University, to make a camera shaped more like an eye.

The challenge was to import the thin, brittle wafer-based camera technology to a curved surface. The result was a 2cm-wide camera with a single, simple lens and a concave light detection system.<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7543987.stm>


Smart future for swarming robots

By Jason Palmer
Technology reporter, BBC News

The robots swarm and mass together like living creatures

Swarms of robots could one day be exploring space or doing dangerous jobs on Earth, say researchers.

Promising prototypes of co-operating robots were on show at the Artificial Life XI conference this week.

Advances in technology mean it is now possible to create self-assembling robot chains as well as tiny robots for as little as £24.

Roboticists say the swarms of robots could prove more adaptable and smarter than individual, self-contained ones.

Crowd control

"For a long time in robotics there was this focus on a 'smart machine', an android that would make you breakfast and go out and buy your shopping," said Dr Seth Bullock, the University of Southampton researcher chairing the Alife XI conference.

"But that's extremely challenging; it's going to be far easier for us to engineer little simple things and rely on them to organise themselves."

To that end, a group of undergraduate students at the University of Southampton has developed a swarm of identical, matchbox-sized robots, each of which costs just £24 to produce.


Swarm robots could one day explore other planets

Demonstrated at the conference the prototypes showed how swarm robots can independently divide up tasks, with no central program controlling them. They skitter around, communicating as they encounter each other via the same kind of infrared technology used in mobile phones.

Red and green lights on the robot were used to show which task they had chosen. After a short while, the group autonomously divided itself - 80% red and 20% green.

The swarm can cope with disruption too. If a handful of the "green" robots are removed from the arena, the remainder will redistribute themselves again into the 80/20 split.

Scientists say this flexibility gives swarm robotics an edge over traditional approaches for far-flung missions.

"You might have some complex robot that is sent to Mars, has a technical problem, and then the mission is basically over," said Klaus-Peter Zauner, the leader of the Southampton swarm robot project.

"With swarm robots, even if a percentage of them fails, they'll still be able to achieve their goal." <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7549059.stm>


Gene hooks smokers at first puff


For some the smoking habit kicks in fast

Puffing on a first cigarette is a rite of passage for many teenagers, but whether it is enjoyable may be partly down to genetics, researchers suggest.

University of Michigan scientists have identified a gene variant found more often in people who said their first cigarette produced a "buzz".

These people were much more likely to go on to become regular smokers, the journal Addiction reports.

The researchers say the finding may help development of anti-smoking drugs. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7548878.stm>


OECD sees slower economic growth


The OECD report makes gloomy reading for leading economies
All major members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) face economic slowdown, the Paris-based body says.

The 30-strong OECD said its research for June indicated "a continued weakening outlook for all the major seven economies".

But it warned that the slowdown was likely to be deeper than expected in the eurozone and the UK.

In contrast, economic growth in China and Brazil was still strong.

The OECD comments are based on its composite index of leading indicators (CLI), which predicts economic conditions in six months' time.

Its indicator for the OECD area fell to 96.8 in June, from 97.4 in May.

A similar indicator for the Group of Seven leading industrial nations fell to 97.0 from 97.4 over the same period.

OTHER OECD INDICATORS
UK down 0.8 in the month and 4.8 points over 12 months
Canada down 1.1 and 3.9 points
France down 0.9 and 5.1 points
Germany down 0.9 and 5.4 points
Italy down 0.7 points and 4.5 points.
Source:OECD

"The latest data for non-OECD member economies tentatively point to expansion in China and Brazil and a downturn in India and Russia," the group added.

The eurozone indicator fell by 0.8 points in June for a 12-month fall of 5.2 points.

The figure for the US economy fell by 0.2 points and was 5.4 points down over 12 months. The June figure for Japan was unchanged but showed a fall of 4.1 points over a year.

China growth

The OECD said its indicator was "designed to provide early signals of turning points (peaks and troughs) between upswings and downswings in the growth cycle of economic activity".

The indicator for China was steady in June and rose by 0.8 points on a 12-month basis. The figure for India fell by 1.5 points in May and was 4.4 points down from the May, 2007 level.

The indicator for Russia fell by 1.2 points in May, but showed a rise of 0.9 points over 12 months. And for Brazil the figure fell by 2.2 points in June but rose by 1.4 points from the level in June last year. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7549780.stm>


Spectators awed as Games begin

By Michael Bristow
BBC News, Beijing


Thousands of years of Chinese history were at the centre of the show

Those who watched the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games from inside the stadium seemed unanimous in their praise.

"It was fantastic. I was so moved," said 20-year-old Zhang Qiong, as she sat down at the end of the event to contemplate what she had just seen.

It was hard to find someone who disagreed with her.

After seven years of planning, billions of dollars in spending and some bad publicity, the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games are finally under way.

Fireworks lit up the night sky at the end of a four-hour opening ceremony attended by performers, athletes, dignitaries and spectators.

Arguments forgotten

Beijing's big moment has already been dogged with controversy about air pollution, China's human rights record and media freedom.

This is much better [than work]. Watching it is more important
Taxi driver Guo Dejian

But the arguments were briefly forgotten during a truly spectacular opening ceremony watched by millions around the globe.

The event got under way when Chinese President Hu Jintao arrived in the VIP's stand with International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge.

Former Chinese President Jiang Zemin - in charge when China was awarded the Games in 2001 - sat next to his successor.

They sat in front of about 80 world leaders, who had all ignored calls to boycott the Games over China's treatment of Tibetans following unrest earlier this year.

China will no doubt be relieved that most world leaders decided to attend. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7550283.stm>


Fashion house puts designs online


The first design on offer is a shirt from a new Styled With Heart range
A German fashion label has taken the unusual step of making its designs and patterns freely available on the internet - for anyone to use.

Pamoyo, based in the Kreuzberg region of Berlin, are publishing their designs on their website under a Creative Commons licence - a free tool allowing work to be marked but also granting freedom of use to others.

The move has been seen as a major departure for the fashion industry, where companies more usually guard their designs under strongly-enforced patents.

"You see a lot of court cases from fashion labels that don't want their designs copied," Franz Prins, one of the company's chief designers, told BBC World Service's Culture Shock programme.

"But a lot of young people see things differently. They are used to using the internet, exchanging information on a free basis." <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7543426.stm>


Hi-tech thieves target Olympics

The Olympics has motivated many hi-tech criminals into launching attacks
The start of the Olympics has proved irresistible to cyber criminals, say security firms.

The volume of junk e-mail messages with an Olympic theme spiked prior to the opening ceremony, said Symantec.

The malicious messages try to trick people into visiting fake sites or opening booby-trapped e-mail attachments, say other firms.

Some messages falsely claim users have won an Olympic lottery and encourage them to respond to claim their prize. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7548870.stm>


Cell change 'keeps organs young'


Toxic proteins build up in organs over time
Researchers may have found a way to halt the biological clock which slows down our bodies over the decades.

A US team thinks it may have found the genetic levers to help boost a system vital to cleaning up faulty proteins within our cells.

The journal Nature Medicine reported that the livers of genetically-altered older mice worked as well as those in younger animals.

They suggested it might one day help people with progressive brain diseases.

These results show it's possible to correct this protein 'logjam' that occurs in our cells as we get older, thereby perhaps helping us to enjoy healthier lives well into old age
Dr Ana Maria Cuervo
Yeshiva University

The researchers, from Yeshiva University in New York, are focusing on a process which is central to the proper working of cells.

The fundamental chemicals of cells - proteins - often have very short working lives, and need to be cleared away and recycled as soon as possible.

The body has a system for doing just that, but it becomes progressively less efficient as we get older.

This leads to progressive falls in the function of major organs - the heart, liver and brain, some of which contribute to the diseases of old age.

Dr Ana Maria Cuervo, from Yeshiva, created a mouse with two genetic alterations.

The first, when activated, boosted the number of specific cell receptors linked to this protein recycling function, while the second allowed the first to be turned on whenever Dr Cuervo wished simply by modifying the animal's diet. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7548874.stm>


Le Pen sells party HQ to Chinese


The National Front party headquarters was dubbed The Cruiseliner
France's anti-immigrant party, the National Front, is selling its headquarters to a Chinese university, according to the party leader.

Jean-Marie Le Pen has confirmed that the party base has been purchased by a Shanghai university.

Mr Le Pen, 79, has campaigned to become president several times under the slogan "Keep France for the French".

But his party faces growing financial difficulties. It has already sold its bullet-proof car on Ebay.

The party has a total debt of some 9m euros ($13.4m; £7m), according to French newspaper Le Monde, partly due to a poor showing in the 2007 legislative elections which meant it had to cover its own campaign costs.

Language school

"A formal sale offer has been signed with a university in Shanghai," the National Front's press service said, quoted by AFP.

The unnamed Chinese higher education institution has reportedly paid between 12 and 15m euros ($18 - 22m; £9.4m - 11.7m) for the sprawling mansion in the western Paris suburb of Saint Cloud, known as The Cruiseliner.

The university is reportedly considering turning the building into a French language school.

The building, thought to be the party's biggest asset, was inherited from a millionaire supporter in the 1970s.

The organisation has already had some bank accounts frozen after disagreements with creditors.

Right-wing firebrand Mr Le Pen startled Europe by reaching the second round of the 2002 presidential election. In 2007, he achieved some 10% of votes in the presidential race. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7555861.stm>


Arroyo told: Don't send OFWs to war-torn areas

08/12/2008 | 07:00 PM
MANILA, Philippines - Migrant advocacy group Migrante International on Tuesday urged President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to stop the deployment of Filipino workers in strife-ridden countries such as Georgia as this put their lives in danger.

According to Concepcion Bragas-Regalado, Migrante International chairperson, the Arroyo administration has failed to protect overseas Filipino workers (OFW) because they are being treated like commodities under the government’s “intensified labor export policy."

“What is questionable here is that why are there OFWs in Georgia, a clearly politically unstable region? Do we have bilateral relations with them?" she said.

Georgia was recently invaded by Russian forces due to a conflict over Ossetia, which resulted in the reported death of about 1,500 people.

On Monday the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) said 80 of the 33 Filipinos in Georgia were evacuated to Azerbaijan, the largest and most populous country in the South Caucasus, located in Eastern Europe and partially in Western Asia.

The DFA denied the claims of Migrante, and said that this was the only time that Georgia became unstable.

“Georgia is a very progressive country. They hire many Filipino professionals, we have no domestic workers there," Esteban Conejos Jr, DFA undersecretary for migrant workers affairs, told GMANews.TV in an interview on Tuesday.

Also, the Philippines “always have bilateral relations with friendly countries," according to Conejos.

Georgia became politically unstable during the last years of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s when tensions between Ossetians and Georgians heightened into violent clashes that claimed the lives of hundreds of people.

The southern portion of Ossetia is part of Georgia but is controlled by the secessionist Republic of South Ossetia, which is backed by Russia. The northern portion or the Republic of the North Ossetia-Alania is within the Russian Federation.

Migrante fears that more OFWs will be affected by the on-going war in Georgia, including those in neighboring countries, just like what had happened during the 1991 Gulf War when the lives of 46,000 Filipinos were put at risk. - Kimberly Jane T. Tan, GMANews.TV <http://www.gmanews.tv/story/113201/Arroyo-told-Dont-send-OFWs-to-war-torn-areas>


Digital nomad drives laptop sales

By Maggie Shiels
Technology reporter, BBC News website, San Francisco

Dell poster
One of the demands of the new digital nomad is constant connectivity

The demands of the digital nomad is expected to drive laptop sales to over one billion in the next five years.

The prediction by Dell came as it unveiled 10 new laptop models aimed at this emerging working class.

The new Latitude line boasts as much as 19 hours of battery life for the always connected 21st century worker.

"There is no business as usual in the connected era," said Andy Lark, Dell's vice president of global marketing.

"Boundaries for businesses are virtual. This is a new class of worker who maybe doesn't have an office and who maybe visits 10 offices in a day and visits several different customers."

Andy Lark of Dell
Andy Lark says Dell has shipped 53 million Latitude laptops since 1994

Mr Lark told BBC News that the ranks of the digital nomad were swelling as were expectations about the functions their laptops and notebooks could perform.

"The majority of people coming online and buying their first computer today are doing it in emerging countries like China, India and Brazil.

"If you look at India, about 67% or more of their workforce is going to be entirely mobile and that is driving the demand for new features in the laptop like all day connectivity, long battery life, high-level security and uncompromising design and durability." <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7557604.stm>


Palace clueless over Singson 'appointment'

09/06/2008 | 11:19 AM
MANILA, Philippines — A Malacañang official voiced surprise Saturday over the reported appointment of former Ilocos Sur governor and defeated senatorial bet Luis “Chavit" Singson as deputy national security adviser.

Deputy presidential spokesman Anthony Golez Jr. said he has not seen the appointment papers of Singson, one of the administration senatorial bets who was defeated in last year's election.

"Binabasa ko ‘yan kaninang umaga, kino-confirm ko pa ‘yan. As soon as makita ko ang papers ni Mr. Singson sasabihin ko sa inyo (I read the newspaper reports about it. I'm still trying to confirm it. As soon as I see the papers for his appointment I will let you know)," Golez said on government-run dzRB radio.

If appointed to the National Security Council, Singson would be the latest defeated administration senatorial bet to get a post in the executive department.

Among the defeated bets appointed to posts in the executive department were Vicente Sotto III (Dangerous Drugs Board), Prospero Pichay Jr. (Local Water Utilities Administration), Michael Defensor (task force on NAIA-3), and Ralph Recto (National Economic and Development Authority). - GMANews.TV <http://www.gmanews.tv/story/118609/Palace-clueless-over-Singson-appointment>


US Libya relations in 'new phase'

Condoleezza Rice meets Colonel Gaddafi

Relations between the US and Libya have entered a "new phase", according to US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.

Speaking after a historic meeting with Libya's Muammar Gaddafi, she said differences remained but they had started a new era of co-operation.

A cultural exchange agreement would be signed, and the US hopes to have an ambassador in Tripoli soon, she said.

They met in a compound bombed by the US in 1986 over what the US said was Libyan involvement in a terror attack.

Ms Rice flew to Tunisia after the talks as part of a North African tour that will also include Algeria and Morocco.

Security Council

At a news conference in Tripoli, the US secretary of state said that the two countries had made progress in concrete ways.



"We are working on a trade investment framework which will improve the climate for investment, which I know many American firms want to do," Ms Rice said.

"We are co-operating on Libya's membership of the security council of the United Nations," she said, although she pointed out that discussions were in the early stages.

"The relationship (between the US and Libya) has been moving in a good direction for some time but we have a long way to go", she said, adding "we have established a good framework for our relationship."

Ms Rice spent more than two hours in a private meeting with Mr Gaddafi.

She said she had sought to reassure Mr Gaddafi about US plans to establish a major base in Africa - known as Africom - saying its purpose was to "help Africans to help themselves" on issues such as peacekeeping.

She repeated that the US did not have "any permanent enemies".

When asked if she had raised human rights issues with Mr Gaddafi, Ms Rice said she had raised cases "in a respectful manner", and emphasised "that it is important to maintain an open dialogue, including on human rights".

Libyan Foreign Mininster Abdel Rahman Shalgam said that Ms Rice's presence was proof that Libya, the US and the world had changed.

However, the BBC's Rana Jawad in Tripoli says it remains unclear what the visit has achieved. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7601519.stm>


‘Rehashed’ graft complaint meant to destroy GSIS chief’s image – counsel

MANILA, Philippines - The chief legal counsel of the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) on Saturday said the graft charges filed against the state pension fund’s officials were only meant to destroy their image.

According to a report from radio dzBB, lawyerr Estrella Elamparo believed that the charges filed with the Office of the Ombudsman were "rehashed complaints" aimed at staining the reputation of GSIS President Winston Garcia and 11 other officials.

The Parents Teachers Coalition for Advancement (PTCA) filed a complaint against the GSIS officials for the "questionable" buying of Manila Electric Co (Meralco) shares as well as the slashing of the retirement pay of school teachers last July.

The complainants said what the GSIS officials did was a violation of the Section 24 of Republic Act 8291, or the GSIS Act of 1997; and Article 239 of the Revised Penal Code, or Usurpation of Legislative Functions and Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act.

Aside from Garcia, also named as respondents in the graft case were Executive Vice President Olita Tiangco; Board of Trustees Chairman Bernardino Abes; and members Victoria Ablan, Jesse Andres, Mario Ramirez, Esperanza Ocampo, Reynaldo Palmiery, Alejandro Roces, Jesus Santos, and Nita Javier.
Elamparo said that stakeholders were just afraid of the changes that Garcia wanted to implement on Meralco.

She also defended the officials for depositing money in the bank account of former GSIS Treasurer Consuelo Manansala.

Elamparo said that if you ask experts, you can transfer money temporarily to a bank account of a treasurer in trust if it would be used in forming a corporation, in this case the GSIS properties.Kimberly Jane Tan, GMANews.TV <http://www.gmanews.tv/story/118608/Rehashed-graft-complaint-meant-to-destroy-GSIS-chiefs-image--counsel>

The 'master plan' to save Pakistan

By Syed Shoaib Hasan
BBC News, Islamabad


Asif Zardari lived in Benazir Bhutto's shadow

Few in Pakistan doubt that Saturday's presidential election will be won by Asif Zardari, husband of assassinated former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.

That would represent an extraordinary turnaround for the most mistrusted politician in the country.

As her husband, Mr Zardari lived in Ms Bhutto's shadow.

He proved to be a weak link in her political armour, repeatedly being charged with corruption and earning the infamous nickname, "Mr 10%".

He spent eight long years in jail while Pervez Musharraf was president. He was released in 2004 as part of political haggling between General Musharraf and Ms Bhutto.

Proven wrong

He was thrust into the centre stage after his wife's assassination in December 2007, when he became the de facto leader of their Pakistan People's Party (PPP).

The future could be guaranteed for the next generation of PPP leadership, if we play it right
PPP insider

Many doubted his ability to lead the country's largest political party. Others simply said it marked the beginning of the end for the PPP.

But thus far Mr Zardari has proven them all wrong.

After the PPP's success in February's elections, Mr Zardari engineered a coalition government that included the PPP's historical rival, the PML-N of former Prime Minster Nawaz Sharif.

Mr Zardari then played a Machiavellian game in which the two men worked to force President Musharraf to resign, rather than risk being impeached.


Nawaz Sharif could face a long battle with Mr Zardari

Mr Zardari then locked horns with Mr Sharif, refusing to fulfil pledges to restore judges sacked by Mr Musharraf or to reduce the powers of the president.

In fact, Mr Zardari announced that he himself would stand for president, rather than support Mr Sharif's option of supporting a non-partisan person for the post.

As a result, Mr Sharif opted to leave the coalition.

Long-term battle

As long as the remaining parties in the coalition stand firm, Mr Zardari looks certain to win Saturday's election.

However, he could be facing a longer term all-out battle with Mr Sharif, the most popular politician in the country, that many analysts believe could eventually wipe out the PPP.


Mr Zardari was nicknamed 'Mr 10%'

However, some Zardari confidantes say he has a grand master plan developed by Benazir.

It starts with a deal with the country's most powerful institution, the army. Mr Zardari's government will protect their interests, taking into account the army's foreign strategic concerns and making sure its share of the national budget is well stocked.

The government will ensure a steady supply of aid and equipment from the US to meet the army's needs to keep up with its giant neighbour, India.

In return, the army will go all out to defeat the militants in Pakistan's tribal areas and keep out of national politics, party insiders say.

The PPP would be able to offer the one thing the United States most wants, all-out war on the Taleban and their al-Qaeda associates using Pakistan's full resources.

For this, the PPP has made it clear to the US and the army that it needs as much power as possible, and that means having PPP people as president and prime minister.

'Future guaranteed'

It also means scrapping any talk of reducing the power of the president. "It would be counter productive to our aims for the future of the party," says a confidante.


Militants have grown more daring over the last two years

So the obvious next question is how the PPP can use all of this to shore up its electoral strength.

"The future could be guaranteed for the next generation of PPP leadership, if we play it right," says a party insider.

This would be done by using the massive aid Pakistan expects to receive in return for its "good performance" in the "war on terror".

The plan would be to spend most of the aid in deeply rural areas where Pakistan's closest political battles are fought - the southern Punjab, eastern North West Frontier Province and northern Sindh province.

The linchpin in the plans is Mr Zardari. "If he can maintain this position and ensure the plan is carried out, Bibi [Ms Bhutto] will have won even in death," a PPP insider says.

The broad outlines of the plan are simple enough. But there are reasons to be sceptical.

In Pakistan, what can go wrong generally does go wrong.

It wasn't that long ago that the then President Musharraf and Benazir Bhutto were working on a grand master plan that fell apart with her assassination.

Mr Zardari's military hopes rest on the assumption - not universally shared - that the army can defeat the Islamist militants, and that it will co-operate with the PPP after years of mutual mistrust.

As far as popular support goes, the PPP has got its work cut out to reverse the country's ever-worsening economic woes.<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7599871.stm>


One Laptop signs up with Amazon


The OLPC will call on Amazon's experience with delivery and despatch
The One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) organisation has signed a deal with Amazon to sell its low cost laptops.

The online retailer will help with its next Give 1 Get 1 (G1G1) programme that is due to begin in late November.

Under this scheme people can buy one of the XO laptops for themselves and donate the other to a school child in a developing nation.

It is hoped the deal with Amazon will iron out the problems OLPC encountered when it ran the G1G1 programme itself.  <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7599652.stm>


Church obsessed with gays - Tutu

By Robert Pigott
Religious Affairs Correspondent



Archbishop Tutu said tackling poverty was key to global security

Archbishop Desmond Tutu has accused the Anglican church of allowing its "obsession" with homosexuality to come before real action on world poverty.

"God is weeping" to see such a focus on sexuality and the Church is "quite rightly" seen by many as irrelevant on the issue of poverty, he said.

It may be good to "accept that we agree to differ" on the gay issue, he said.

Archbishop Tutu was addressing a conference of church leaders organised by the Christian charity Tearfund.

The Church says its work on poverty tends to be overlooked.

The Bishop of Ripon and Leeds, John Packer, said that apart from the government, the Church of England was the biggest provider of social services at home.

The Anglican Communion was also a major contributor to international projects such as Make Poverty History and the Millennium Development Goals, he said.

More than 600 Anglicans marched through London in July to draw attention to the increasing danger that the goals - which include eradicating extreme poverty by 2015 - will not be met.

Prime Minister Gordon Brown told them that millions of people owed the Anglican Communion a debt of gratitude for upholding the cause of the poor.

'Totally irrelevant'

Archbishop Tutu told the conference in London that the Anglican Church was ideally placed to tackle poverty because of its presence at the heart of communities in the UK and overseas.

It will be good for us obviously, to resolve our differences on this, and maybe accept that we agree to differ
Archbishop Desmond Tutu

However, he said he sometimes felt ashamed of his fellow Anglicans as they focussed obsessively on trying to resolve their disagreement about homosexuality while 30,000 people died each day because of poverty.

"We really will not be able to win wars against so-called terror as long as there are conditions that make people desperate, and poverty, disease and ignorance are amongst the chief culprits," he said.

"We seem to be engaging in this kind of, almost, past-time [while] there's poverty, hunger, disease, corruption.

"I must imagine that God is weeping, and the world quite rightly should dismiss the Church in those cases as being totally irrelevant."

Archbishop Tutu accused some of his fellow Anglicans of going against the teaching of Jesus in their treatment of homosexual people by "persecuting the already persecuted". <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7602498.stm>


US lenders 'face state takeover'



US mortgage giants Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are set to be put under government control in an attempt to rescue the firms, media reports say.

Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson will outline government plans at a news conference at 1100 (1600 BST).

The move to shore up the shareholder-owned firms, which hold or guarantee half the US mortgage debt, would be the US's largest ever financial bail-out.

In July, Congress approved a plan aimed at offering them more liquidity.

This followed huge losses by the two firms as result of a big increase in defaults and repossessions in the US housing market. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7601701.stm>


The new frontline in US war on terror

Anti-American feelings are high in Pakistan

The BBC's Owen Bennett Jones in Islamabad looks at the changing patterns of Islamist militancy and violence in Pakistan's tribal regions, seven years after 9/11.

Pakistan is in the midst of a ferocious civil conflict.

Each day the newspapers report 40 or 50 dead. As well as frequent suicide attacks in Pakistan's cities, there is now fighting throughout the tribal areas along the border with Afghanistan.

It is the new frontline in America's war on terror. US officials worry that al-Qaeda has found a safe haven from which it can plan new attacks on the west.

The newly-elected Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari has said the Taleban has "the upper hand" and he has vowed he will defeat the Islamic militants.

His task is complicated by the differing nature of the insurgency in different tribal areas. Al-Qaeda is thought to be most active in North Waziristan and Bajaur.

The Pakistan Taleban meanwhile has control of most of South Waziristan and is using its base there to launch suicide attacks throughout Pakistan. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7607998.stm>


From shipwreck to solidarity

By Rafael Estefania
BBC News, Hansala, Morocco

Rafael Quiroz can still vividly remember the day five years ago when he and his wife discovered the swollen corpses of 37 would-be migrants washed up on a beach near his home in southern Spain.


The discovery of the corpses shocked Rafael Quiroz and Violeta Cuesta

"It was horrible," he recalls.

"All those young people dead on the seashore. We were horrified by the sight of the dead, but also by the thought of their families on the other side."

They were the bodies of 37 Africans who, like many before them, had drowned while attempting to cross the treacherous Strait of Gibraltar, between Morocco and the coast of southern Spain.

Their flimsy boat, or patera, was overcrowded and unprepared for the strong currents and the fast-changing weather conditions along the strait.

After a day and a half at sea, the boat was hit by a storm and sank. There had been 57 people on board and most of them had never seen the sea before. Unable to swim, over a half of them had no chance of survival.

Changing times

Mr Quiroz and his wife Violeta Cuesta are both teachers in the town of Rota.

Having lived on the coast for many years, they witnessed the tragic consequences of illegal immigration into Spain many times.

But this time they felt things were different.



"In the last 20 years, more than 80,000 people have died trying to enter Europe by sea. Most of those bodies lay unclaimed in the mortuaries and were buried in Spain without their families ever knowing their whereabouts.

"We said to ourselves: 'Enough is enough, we have to do something to help,'" says Mr Quiroz.

After tracing the origins of the dead immigrants, the couple found out that 12 of them had come from Hansala, a small mountain village in the Beni Mellal region, one of Morocco's poorest.

The area is known as the "triangle of death" because of the high number of illegal immigrants it produces.

The Spanish couple decided to visit the area and offer to help repatriate the bodies of their relatives.

When they arrived in Hansala, they discovered a collection of derelict houses scattered on the mountainside with no running water or electricity and an extremely poor, but generous, population.

"The villagers shared with us the little food they had, but the victims' families were wary to talk to us because they thought we were from the Spanish government and that we were demanding money for the repatriation," remembers Mr Quiroz.

It took a few journeys back to Hansala, and the help of a Berber language speaker, to gain the trust of the victims' families.

"It wasn't until several months later that we managed to bring the bodies back to Hansala. The whole village participated in the burial and mourning of the 12 young men. We felt like we became a part of the village at that moment." <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7586597.stm>


Plug-in hybrid boosts electric motoring

By Jorn Madslien
Business reporter, BBC News


Toyota has launched trials of the UK's first petrol-electric hybrid car that can also be plugged into the mains. Soon drivers should be able to chose between the petrol pump and the electric socket to power one and the same car.

Toyota engineer Gerald Killmann test drives the plug-in hybrid car.

The launch could mark a dramatic change in how drivers spend money on automotive "juice", as the power generation industry - be they coal fired power stations such as Drax or nuclear power firms such as British Energy - enters the market.

Electricity company EDF Energy is erecting "juice points", or electric charging points, across London.

And it is not alone.

At this summer's London motor show, Mayor Boris Johnson vowed to start rolling out charging points over the next couple of years, and the government is eager to support a gradual shift from oil-based to electric transport.

"We can see the future unfold ahead of us," grins John Hutton, UK secretary of state for business, enterprise and regulatory reform. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7608570.stm>


EU in crop biofuel goal rethink

European Union lawmakers have voted to set a limit on targets to increase the use of road transport biofuels.

Campaigners say that biofuels from grains and food crops contribute to food price inflation.

The original EU target that 10% of all road transport fuel should come from renewable sources by 2020 did not set limits for crop biofuels.

A committee of the European Parliament has now voted to limit such fuels to 6% of the 10% target.

At least 4% of the total will have to be achieved using electricity or hydrogen from renewable sources, or from second-generation biofuels from waste or non-food crops.

Green MEP Claude Turmes, of Luxembourg, welcomed the decision.

"While the maintenance of a binding target for biofuels is a bitter pill to swallow, the committee has at least strengthened the safeguards against the damaging impact of agri-fuels in this directive," he said.

The panel also approved a mid-term goal of 5% of road transport fuel from renewable sources by 2015, of which one fifth should not be food crop-based biofuels.

Analysts say that a couple of years ago, biofuels looked like a perfect solution for the 27-member bloc, which was keen to lower carbon emissions, protect the environment and find alternative energy solutions.

But the longer-term impact on food prices and deforestation, especially in the developing world, has prompted a rethink of the original targets. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7610396.stm>


Move to tackle Bolivian turmoil


Both the government and the opposition have appealed for calm
Chile has called an emergency meeting of the Union of South American Nations to help resolve the crisis in Bolivia.

Chilean President Michelle Bachelet said the meeting - on Monday - might help promote a democratic solution.

President Evo Morales imposed martial law in the northern region of Pando on Friday, after clashes between opponents and supporters of the government.

The crisis has arisen over a plan by the Bolivian president to hold a referendum on a new constitution.

The turmoil escalated when President Morales expelled the US ambassador from Bolivia, accusing him of stoking anti-government sentiment.

Protesters have attacked gas supplies to neighbouring Brazil and Argentina.

The BBC's Daniel Schweimler in the eastern city of Santa Cruz - an opposition stronghold - says no-one wants to see a tense situation spiral out of control.

Secret meeting

At least 16 people have been killed in Pando in recent days.

President Morales accused the region's governor of hiring foreign hitmen to attack his peasant supporters.


The opposition is fiercely resisting Mr Morales' constitutional plans

The governor, Leopoldo Fernandez, who rejects the claims, is reported to have fled to neighbouring Brazil.

The president has said that martial law is not needed elsewhere in the country.

Both the government and the opposition have called for an end to the violence.

The government representative in Santa Cruz, Gabriela Montanyo, concerned about her safety, would only agree to meet the BBC at a secret location, our correspondent says.

The president wants to give more power to indigenous and poor communities, by carrying out land reform and redistributing gas revenues.

Mr Morales's attempts to change the constitution are fiercely opposed by opposition governors who run five of Bolivia's nine regions.

They and their supporters want greater autonomy as well as more control over revenues of natural gas in their areas. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7614784.stm>


Lehman remains 'too big to fail'

By Robert Plummer
Business reporter, BBC News


It's the fourth-largest investment bank in the US and a self-proclaimed "innovator in global finance" - but of late, journalists have been routinely describing it as "Wall Street's most troubled firm".

For Lehman Brothers, the gulf between its illustrious past and its present poor performance could hardly be greater.

The sub-prime mortgage market crisis that began unfolding more than a year ago has taken its toll on the bank's share price, which has steadily fallen from $82 in the summer of 2007 to below $8 today.

In short, the credit crunch has plunged Lehman into one of the worst crises in its 158-year history, prompting write-downs and losses worth more than $7bn.

Lehman was heavily dependent on the mortgage market and was once the biggest US underwriter of mortgage-backed securities.

Now fears are growing that the bank will be unable to raise sufficient capital to ride out the storm, following the news that South Korea's state-run Korea Development Bank has walked away from negotiations to buy a stake in it.

Senior Lehman executives must be anxiously hoping that the bank can avoid the fate of the biggest sub-prime casualty so far, Bear Stearns, which was taken over by JP Morgan earlier this year.

In terms of size, Lehman trails behind its big three rivals in the US securities market - Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Merrill Lynch. But financial experts still see it as too big to be allowed to go under.

"The US government cannot let Lehman fail, because the systemic ripples would be too big," says banking analyst James Hyde at European Credit Management in London. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7607820.stm>


Lehman Bros files for bankruptcy

Wall Street bank Lehman Brothers has filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after emergency talks to find a buyer failed.

Confidence in the 150-year-old investment bank - the fourth largest in the US - crumbled last week amid growing concerns that its large portfolio of mortgage-backed assets was worth far less than it was originally valued.

During the past year Lehman reported billion-dollar losses and saw its share price plummet more than 95%.
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7615974.stm>


EU launches new hi-tech institute

Researcher with microscope
The EU wants to foster academic ties with industry

The governing board of a new European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) has held its inaugural meeting in the Hungarian capital Budapest.

The European Union is providing initial funding of more than 300m euros (£238m) for the institute, aimed at generating more European technological advances.

The EIT hopes to pool the expertise of universities, research bodies and businesses in new partnerships.

Renewable energy and new-generation IT projects are among the priority areas.

The EIT is part of an overall EU strategy to promote jobs, growth and competitiveness in the EU.

"Until now, higher education has notoriously been the absent member of innovation partnerships," the European Commission says.

The EIT is to involve universities in new public-private partnerships called "Knowledge and Innovation Communities" (KICs), to create new commercial opportunities by bringing researchers and business entrepreneurs together.


Catch-up time

European Commission president Jose Manuel Barroso described business involvement in the EIT as "crucial, because the lack of business-funded R&D [research and development] explains almost 85% of the gap between the EU and the USA, for example".
Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsany (right) welcomes European Commission president Jose Manuel Barroso, 15 Sep 08
The EU is putting Hungary at the heart of hi-tech innovation

Speaking at the EIT's opening ceremony in Budapest, he said the institute would "focus on its mission without any political or bureaucratic interference" and "to do this, we have handed it an unprecedented level of autonomy".

He said the governing board must now work to get funding from the private sector and attract "the most innovative businesses and the best research organisations".

The EIT should respond to the EU's energy priorities, he said, pointing to the need for "a fresh approach to take us into a truly low-carbon Europe".


'Knowledge triangle'

The EIT is not modelled on the successful Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the US, a senior European Commission official told the BBC News website on Monday.

"It is a very European answer to the challenges Europe faces, with a unique structure," said John MacDonald, spokesman for education and training commissioner Jan Figel.

The EIT will combine "the three parts of the knowledge triangle - education, research and business innovation", in a venture not tried in Europe before, Mr MacDonald said. Such networks had been "lamentably unexplored" in the EU previously, he added.

The governing board will decide the priority areas, select two or three KICs in the next 18 months and come up with a strategic innovation agenda by 2011.

There are 18 board members and another four will join at a later date. They will have a support staff of up to 60.

KICs will be set up through open competition, in a series of public tenders, Mr MacDonald said. The partnership networks will also be open to non-EU participants.
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7616641.stm>


EU scrutinises Yahoo-Google deal

Yahoo search page
The deal will see Google's adverts alongside Yahoo's search results

The European Union has announced that it has been investigating the terms of Google's proposed deal to partner with Yahoo for advertising.

The deal would see Google's advertising programmes built into Yahoo's search engine in the US and Canada.

However, the EU Competition Commission argues that there are anti-trust implications because the two companies do business in Europe.

The EU's present inquiry could escalate to a formal investigation.

The announcement follows on the heels of news of a similar anti-trust investigation by the US Department of Justice.

If it goes ahead, the partnership would control more than 80% of the online advertising market.

EU antitrust regulations have traditionally proven more strict than American ones, so the investigation could prove to be a significant stumbling block for the deal.

The World Association of Newspapers, which represents some 18,000 titles worldwide, joined the fray in opposing the deal on Monday.

"The reality is that a large portion of the traffic to most online newspapers' websites today comes through paid search or natural results on search engines," the group said in a statement.

"For this reason, competition among search engines is absolutely vital for newspapers - to ensure that no search engine can set monopoly prices for paid search ads, and to prevent any search engine from influencing users' surfing habits by manipulating unpaid search results."

Each advert will generate revenue for Google. However, there is considerable speculation that another motivation is to provide Yahoo with an alternative to Microsoft's bid for a hostile takeover.

Both Yahoo and Google say that they are cooperating with investigators on both sides of the Atlantic, but argue that they will go ahead with the deal in October.
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7618255.stm>


UK government responds on Phorm

An eye behind mesh
Critics question how intrusive Phorm is for users

The government has outlined how a controversial online ad system can be rolled out in the UK.

In response to EU questions about its legality, it said that it was happy Phorm conformed to EU data laws.

But any future deployments of the system must be done with consent and make it easy for people to opt out.

The European Union had demanded clarification about the system which tracks web habits in order to provide better targeted ads.

The controversy over the Phorm ad-serving system blew up following revelations that the system had been trialled by telecoms firm BT without the consent of users.

Clarifying how the system will be used in response to the EU request, the UK government said future trials must be done with consent from those being targeted.

In its statement sent to the EU it said: "Users will be presented with an unavoidable statement about the product and asked to exercise choice about whether to be involved. Users will be able to easily access information on how to change their mind at any point and are free to opt in or out of the scheme."

In response a spokesman for the office of Information Commissioner Viviane Reding, which first called on the UK government to clarify the legality of Phorm, said it was analysing the reply and preparing a legal assessment of the situation.

Transparent

Viviane Reding
The commissioner for the Information Society wanted to know more

Commissioner Reding's request for more information was sent to the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (Berr) in late July.

Berr, which has co-ordinated the UK response, asked for an extension to the original end-of-August deadline and finally filed its response last week.

It told the BBC that it was not making the entire letter public but instead outlined the main reasons why it considered Phorm to be legal.

"After conducting its enquiries with Phorm the UK authorities consider that Phorm's products are capable of being operated in a lawful, appropriate and transparent fashion," said a Berr statement.

The fact that profiles are based on a unique ID rather than the identity of users coupled with the fact that Phorm does not keep a record of actual sites visits are cited as reasons for its legality.

It also pointed out that Phorm's search terms have been widely drawn so they do not reveal a user's identity and that Phorm has no information which would enable it to link a user ID and profile to a living individual.

But it stressed that any profiling must be done "with the knowledge and agreement of the customer".

Critics say this agreement was notably absent in the first two trials conducted by BT.

The EU was prompted to send its letter following controversy over the trials and future deployment of the Phorm system. Berr made no mention of these trials or their legality in their statement.


Police investigation

Three internet service providers have showed initial interest in using Phorm but, so far, only BT has conducted widespread trials.

The City of London police is currently investigating the trials, following a dossier of evidence handed to it by angry users.

BT initially said a further trial would happen "in the summer" but has given no firm date for when this will take place.

A Phorm spokesman said the delays were necessary.

"We continue to work with BT but it is a complex technology and has taken a bit longer than originally intended as it needs to be introduced in a way that is 100% right," he said.

One of the other original partners, Virgin Media said it was "still evaluating the system". Carphone Warehouse said it would only run Phorm on an opt-in basis.

Some believe systems such as Phorm are the only way to keep internet service providers afloat in the future.

"There is a good economic argument for it and it can help fund better content and services," said a Phorm spokesman.

But others have suggested that content owners might issue legal challenges to the system.

"For the Googles and the Amazons of this world the system could be seen as using their customer information as a foundation for someone else's targeted advertising," said lawyer Nicholas Bohm who has been a fierce critic of Phorm.
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7619297.stm>


Instead of share sale, contact centers should consider private capital

09/18/2008 | 05:07 PM
MANILA, Philippines - The Philippines’ outsourcing companies should consider attracting private capital to fund their expansion programs, analysts said.

Although raising cash through an initial public offering (IPO) remains an option, it may be currently inappropriate since the US subprime crisis has cut the appetite for domestic stocks.

Some local companies have already postponed their IPOs, analysts said at a Thursday forum for outsourcing companies.

Luz Lorenzo, regional economist of ATR KimEng Capital Partners, Inc. said that the offshoring and outsourcing (O&O) industry is still expanding as evidenced by the track record of India, which holds 45% of the global market.

However, the financial turmoil happening in the US is a real challenge, and might expand into greater economic weaknesses in the US and in other developed and developing countries like the Philippines.

Lorenzo reminded the local BPOs that bulk of the addressable market that they are targeting—estimated at $450 billion—are in the US and other developed economies.

Lorenzo also warned that the appreciation of the currencies of emerging markets, especially those offering outsourcing services, such as India, the Philippines and China, may increase labor cost and this may be an issue for the Philippines whose advantage is low labor cost.

She even cited the case of an Indian BPO whose Wall Street clients froze their spending in technology to cope with the fallout. She said this situation might expand to the rest of the world if the BPOs' client base is not big enough.

Nevertheless, Lorenzo added that some private equity investors might take the current situation as an opportunity to invest in companies requiring additional capital. She said private equity investors may be interested in these companies because their values are selling at bargain prices.

For his part, First Metro Investment Corporation executive vice-president Roberto Juanchito T. Dispo said there are other ways of accessing capital besides the capital market.

First Metro, the investment banking arm of Metropolitan Bank & Trust Co. (Metrobank), the country’s second-largest bank in terms of assets, has set aside P5 billion in a strategic equity fund for investments aligned with their objectives.

Dispo said First Metro is diversifying its investment portfolio to include most recently power. While it has not yet funded BPOs, he said they are in their radar screen.

Dispo added that they are looking at investments worth P1 billion and above while Lorenzo said investments in the range of $5 to $150 million is small.

Joey Gurango, chief executive of Gurango Software, a multinational company based in the Philippines which makes software applications, said some BPOs may not need a significant amount of investments because brain power is more valuable for their type of business. Gurango is an entrepreneur and one of his earlier companies was acquired by Microsoft Corporation.

The Philippines also offers other types of outsourced services such as software development, animation, medical transcription and back office operations.

Based on his experience, he said some investment firms may not consider funding companies requiring capital below $5 million which is why he suggested that they try angel investors. - Veronica C. Silva, GMANews.TV <http://www.gmanews.tv/story/121246/Arroyo-to-bring-up-child-warriors-issue-to-UN---report>


Pinoys work harder but pay not getting better, says institute

09/18/2008 | 05:07 PM
MANILA, Philippines — Filipinos are working harder but their pay is not getting better, a Church-based group lamented that Filipinos are working harder but still not getting better.

The Ecumenical Institute for Labor Education and Research, Inc. (Eiler) disclosed this in a statement on the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines website (www.cbcpnews.com).

It said most Filipinos are overworked because they need to do multiple jobs to be able to sustain their daily needs like food, clothing, shelter, allowances for their children and fare for them to go to work.

"Based on the 2007 statistics of the Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics (BLES) saying that 81 percent of the multiple job orders were permanently employed, while 41 percent were self-employed in their primary occupation," said Eiler programs officer Anna Leah Escresa.

She said this is equivalent to 3.1 million multiple jobholders, across all industries where about 2.5 million of these were permanently employed.

An estimated 16 percent or 480,000 were in short-term, seasonal or casual employment, she said.

Among working women, especially in the garment sector, most of them were forced to take on home-based subcontracting jobs after their regular work (usually 18 hours per day) from the same factory where they were employed, just to make ends meet, she said.

"These multiple jobs are taking their toll on the health of the workers," she said.

Also, she said multiple jobholders among skilled and unskilled workers total some 902,000 and about 41.9% of these are women, the biggest proportion of women with multiple jobs compared to other sectors.

What is saddening, she said, is that women workers are even worse off than their male counterparts because of the huge gap between real wages and family living wages.

In Metro Manila alone, the real value of the minimum wage is at P240.86 as of July 2008, while P911 per day is needed for a family of six in August 2008 according to National Wages and Productivity Commission (NWPC).

Furthermore, despite the recent easing of oil prices, inflation is expected to average between 9% and 11 percent this year, a sharp climb from 2.8 percent in 2007 according to the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.

Last August, inflation rate climbed to 12.5 percent, the highest in 17 years.

Eiler Inc. said government should immediately heed the workers call for substantial wage hikes that the sector direly needs to cope up with rising prices.

The group is a non-governmental development organization providing institutional support for labor research, education and workers organizing nationwide. - GMANews.TV <http://www.gmanews.tv/story/121247/Pinoys-work-harder-but-pay-not-getting-better-says-institute>

Arming the Taleban

By Kate Clark
BBC News, Afghanistan


All kinds of weapons are on sale in the Tribal Areas
"We sometimes seize arms and ammunition," said a Taleban commander in south-eastern Afghanistan.

"We're using whatever weapons are left over from Russian times and we buy from different sources - Pakistan, Iran, Russia - wherever we can get them."

I met the Taleban commander, a veteran of 30 years of war, in a safe house - one of the typical mud-built, fortress-like houses of the south-east where a six-metre (six-yard) high wall protects an extended family all living in the same compound.

The night before, I had been woken by the noise of small arms and rocket-propelled grenades. A nearby government office was being attacked.

The Taleban are targeting main roads and towns.

Their tactics differ from the mujahedeen who, fighting the Soviet occupation 30 years ago, started by taking villages and building up "liberated" territory.

The Taleban's aim, said the commander, was to force the American army to leave.

"We're ambushing the Americans, planting roadside bombs. We never let them relax," he said.

Iranian arms

He said their favourite weapons were Iranian:

"There's a kind of mine called the Dragon. Iran is sending it and we have got it. It's directional and very powerful."


The most popular weapon of all is a type of Iranian mine
Taleban commander

The Dragon appears to be a local name for what is internationally called an Explosively Formed Penetrator.

As the commander testified, it can penetrate the armour of Humvees and even tanks.

He said it was only available to special groups and you had to have "good relations" with the Iranians to get it.

Former mujahedeen fighter Shahir - which is not his real name - said Iranian weapons commanded a premium price:

"The beauty of the Iranian-made AK47, for example, is that it can also fire grenades. It costs $200-$300 dollars more than a Kalashnikov made elsewhere."

Shahir said there were two routes for Iranian weapons to reach the Taleban.

"There are people inside the state in Iran who donate weapons. There are also Iranian businessmen who sell them."

Britain and America have also alleged that elements in the Iranian state are helping to fund the Taleban, but it is rare to get confirmation from the Taleban side.

The Iranian Embassy in Kabul denied the allegations, saying Tehran supported the government of Afghanistan.

Open border

The most common route for getting weapons is from Pakistan.

Extensive arms markets and a local industry grew up in the Tribal Areas in the 1980s when there was Pakistani, American and Saudi support for the anti-Soviet Jihad.


Arms traders continue to focus on local markets

"Buying arms there is as easy as buying a couple of bags of sugar," said Shahir.

"You'll see one or two Kalashnikov rifles hanging up outside a shop to show it's selling arms. Inside there's everything that money can buy - grenade-launchers, guns, even missiles and mines."

The Pakistani border is open to arms and fighters.

This summer, al-Qaeda fighters, who have found a safe haven in the Tribal Areas, have streamed across.

"There are Chechens here," said the Taleban commander.

"Uzbeks, Iranians, Arabs, Iraqis, Pakistanis, Indians, Bangladeshis, even some Germans and British fighting with us."

Mujahadeen dealers

He also spoke about another, even murkier route for arms:

"Often, Russian and Iranian weaponry comes from the north. The northern arms dealers are well-known men, some of them have links and connections with Iran and Russia from Jihad times. And yes, they are the ones who used to be fighting the Taleban. "

I travelled to the north of Afghanistan to find out more about this extraordinary allegation - that commanders who fought the Soviet occupation and later the Taleban were now arms dealers who were selling weapons to their old enemy, the Taleban.

The insurgency has been good for business, two arms dealers, interviewed separately, admitted. Demand was up, not just from insurgents, but also locally in the north.

Fear of a strengthening Taleban had created a burgeoning northern market for weapons.

One dealer said the big arms dealers were selling to the Taleban:

"Most are former mujahadeen commanders. They've grown rich from the opium poppy trade and they're well connected. They actually use police convoys to transport the weapons."
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7623496.stm>


Set Up To Fail: Economist Paul Ormerod on strategy and extinction

By Gardiner Morse

In his recent book Why Most Things Fail, theoretical economist Paul Ormerod argues that failure is the defining characteristic of biological, social and economic systems. But Ormerod, a former economic forecaster and now principal of Volterra, the London-based consulting firm he cofounded, doesn’t think that’s a bad thing. Giving in to chance, expecting failure and reacting flexibly, he says, is essential to success. <http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/06252007/perspective02.html>


Bush defends US debt rescue plan


Mr Bush said the plan would put taxpayer dollars 'on the line'
US President George W Bush has defended a rescue package to tackle the worst financial markets crisis for decades.

The cost to taxpayers from shoring up markets was better than the alternative of job losses and blighted retirement accounts, he said in a radio address.

The US Treasury is proposing a fund worth up to $800bn (£440bn) to buy back a large proportion of the bad debt in the US mortgage market.

The fund would hold the debts until they can be sold off in the future.

Mr Bush said the measures required the US "to put a significant amount of taxpayer dollars on the line".

"But I'm convinced that this bold approach will cost American families far less than the alternative," he said.

"Further stress on our financial markets would cause massive job losses, devastate retirement accounts, further erode housing values, and dry up new loans for homes, cars and college tuitions." <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7626613.stm>


True cost of the rescue

The US Government has just admitted that the financial system was on the verge of total meltdown. And it's right. On Thursday, even blue chip companies were having difficulty rolling over their short-term borrowings.

Armageddon was minutes away - averted by Hank Paulson's plan to insure money-market funds and cut the gangrene out of the banking system.

The US Treasury Secretary is working over the weekend to nationalise around £450bn of banks' balance sheets - equivalent to a third of the British economy. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/robertpeston/>


Judge approves $1.3bn Lehman deal


Lehman's Manattan skyscraper is reportedly worth nearly $1bn
A New York bankruptcy judge has backed a $1.3bn (£700m) plan for Barclays to buy the core business of collapsed US investment bank Lehman Brothers.

The deal gives the UK bank ownership of Lehman's Manhattan skyscraper - worth nearly $1bn - as well as responsibility for some 9,000 former staff.

Lawyers for what was the fourth biggest US investment bank said they were confident many jobs would be safe.

Lehman collapsed on Monday sparking a week of turmoil on financial markets.

A US bankruptcy judge approved the sale after a seven-hour hearing that ended past midnight, saying he had found no better alternative for the assets Lehman sought to sell. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7626624.stm>


Hundreds of Lehman Brothers investors rally in Hong Kong

09/21/2008 | 04:22 PM
HONG KONG - Hundreds of people who made investments linked to failed U.S. investment bank Lehman Brothers have rallied in Hong Kong in hopes of securing their money.

Retirees and workers carrying investment papers marched to Hong Kong's government headquarters Sunday, chanting slogans accusing regulators of not doing enough to protect their money.

Protester Brian Fong says he invested the equivalent of more than US$150,000 in a Lehman-linked bond. He says, "I'm afraid I will lose everything."

Hong Kong's Democratic Party, which helped organized the protest, said it drew about 800 people.

Lehman Brothers did not immediately return a call seeking comment. Billions of dollars in losses from souring debt forced the bank to file for bankruptcy earlier this week. - AP <http://www.gmanews.tv/story/121861/Hundreds-of-Lehman-Brothers-investors-rally-in-Hong-Kong>


Failure to probe ‘road to nowhere’ mess to mar Senate - Roxas

09/21/2008 | 04:30 PM
MANILA, Philippines – Senator Manuel Roxas II on Sunday claimed that the Senate would lose its credibility if it fails to investigate the alleged double allocation of a P200 million road project that was linked to Senate president Manuel Villar Jr.

“If we refuse to investigate one of our own, the Senate will be completely castrated as the guardian of the public. Siguradong kakapunin kami ng taumbayan (The people will surely castrate us). We will lose all credibility and the public will denounce us if we are not willing to come clean before them," Roxas said in a statement.

Roxas said the Senate did not buckle down from investigating cases including those involving President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, thus it should have no reason to retreat from a probe of the "road to no nowhere" anomaly.

Masusubok natin kung talagang seryoso ang Senado o hindi sa pagpapakitang wala itong sinasanto (kahit) anuman ang posisyon sa gobyerno. Kung Presidente nga eh di naming inuurungan, ang Senate President pa (We we would be able to test whether or not the Senate is serious in showing that it has no sacred cow in the government irrespective of his or her position. We did not relent on the President, why should we exempt the Senate president)?" Roxas said.

“We investigated (President Arroyo) in the fertilizer scam, the NBN-ZTE scandal and many others. The public sympathized with us when (Mrs Arroyo) used executive privilege to block us," Roxas added.

Roxas said the plenary debate on Monday would test the Senate’s mettle in putting the public’s interest before anything else. “Monday is a day of reckoning, the moment of truth for the Senate. Are we strong enough to investigate ourselves?"

The senator also called on Villar and his other colleagues in the Senate to allow the inquiry into the road project mess to proceed. “I challenge the Senate leadership to allow the investigation to proceed. Senate President Villar, don’t block the probe." <http://www.gmanews.tv/story/121863/Failure-to-probe-road-to-nowhere-mess-to-mar-Senate---Roxas>
 
 

How pork barrel funds are allocated to lawmakers

Sunday, September 21 2008
By Sammy Martin, Reporter

How does a congressman “apply” for his pork barrel or PDAF?

It’s quite easy and just a matter of following basic steps required by law to get the funds allocated.

Every legislator is required to choose from the menu given by the Palace’s Budget office (DBM). There they list projects that the national government wants to prioritize in the various congressional districts of the country.

The lawmaker is then obliged to submit his chosen Malacañang-proposed pro­jects to the Appropriations committee. Once all requests are in (there is a deadline), the chairman of the committee submits the whole bunch of requests to the DBM.

If approved by the Palace, the congressman will receive a notice under the Special Allotment Release Order (SARO). This means that the proposed project is ready for bidding. The Awards and Bidding Committee of the concerned agency or Cabinet department supervises the bidding. The agencies and departments have branches and offices in every city, town and province.

Once the bidding and the contract for the project has been awarded, the DBM should be notified at once to release the notice of National Cash Allotment (NCA), which makes money for the implementation of the project ready. The congressman himself usually does whatever he can to keep the approvals going.

Lawmakers say no cold cash passes their hands. But they still have some say. They can object to the winning contractor. People in the know say it is in the negotiations for the actual execution of the contract by the winning contractor that some under-the-table agreements are made. These run from “20 to 50 percent” of contract price.

The hocus-pocus arrangement does not only involve the congressman. The agency and department representative is also involved.

In fairness, there are also congressmen who are immaculately clean and do not tolerate any corruption in the use of their pork barrel.

Insertions

“Congressional insertions” in the yearly General Appropriations Act are criticized for being opaque and should be made more transparent in the budget deliberation process.

Insertions are different from regular PDAF in which all lawmakers have uniform appropriations.

The procedure may have been followed, but buried in that thick book called the GAA are various things that are done in secret and may escape the public eye. When it comes to money matters in the Philippines, there are always two books: what’s true and what’s sanitized.

It has been an open secret that governance in our country is mired with secret deals and modus operandi, to the detriment of the people whose hard-earned money they entrust to the government. Transparency is the bare minimum that government owes them.

According to some good legislators, transparency must be established not only in the budget deliberations process but also in how public funds are being disbursed because in practice, the executive is able to realign funds for other purposes.

They also wish for the disclosure of all deliberations, how decisions were made, how the funds were spent and who benefited.

The questionable practice of lump-sum appropriations—like that for the questionable acquisition programs of the Department of Agriculture—should give way to specific appropriations where delivery to beneficiaries is ensured.
<http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2008/sep/21/yehey/top_stories/20080921top2.html>


Special Report: earmarks, pork barrel

Lacson attack on Villar turns out to be much ado about nothing

Tirades darken hope for united opposition in 2010

Budget insertions or earmarks are just par for the course

By Efren Danao, Senior Reporter
 
At the height of the furor over congressional insertions in the budget, Sen. Juan Ponce Enrile said tongue-in-cheek that if the insertions are meant to steal money from the government then he deserved the harshest punishment.

Enrile, as chairman of the Senate Committee on Finance, was responsible for the approval of budget insertions—also called “earmarks”—recommended by senators. By his own estimate, he could have caused the insertion of billions of pesos in the 2008 budget. There is no way, however, that he will be going to jail for these insertions.

Congressional insertions or congressional initiatives are actually amendments to the budget proposed by Malacañang. There is nothing odious about this because it is a means through which Congress exercises its power of the purse. The difference between the budget as proposed by Malacañang and the budget as passed by Congress constitutes the entirety of insertions or initiatives. If there are no congressional initiatives, then Congress will be reduced to the mechanical approval of the annual budget.

It should be stressed that most of these insertions or initiatives actually do not emanate from senators or congressmen. Most often, they are the results of lobbying by government offices or local government units who feel that the budget proposed by the Palace for them is insufficient.

The Senate or the House then proceeds to cut funds proposed for some offices that they consider excessive or not high priority, then realign the cut funds to what they deem to be of higher priority. Cuts in debt servicing, for instance, enabled Congress to increase the budget for school building by P654 million. The insertions could also be in the form of new items that Malacañang had failed to propose and which Congress believed should be given priority based on their perception of the national interest.

All legislators are given the chance to submit individual amendments to the budget to the chairman of the Finance committee in the case of the Senate, and of the Appropriations committee, in the case of the House. The practice is for them to do so in writing and not on the floor as is usually done in amending other bills. There are no debates on the budget amendments that the Senate and committee chairmen accept, but there could be debates on those not accepted immediately. ....................................

................. “The [budget] procedure may have been followed, but buried in that thick book called the General Appropriations Act are various things that are done in secret and escape the public eye,” he said.

He called for the full disclosure not only of all congressional insertions but also how public funds are being disbursed.

The practice of insertions or initiatives will continue, as they are legal and needed. However, reforms in the procedures are needed to make them more transparent and to remove all suspicions that the lawmakers were out to steal money through their insertions.

On Friday, Villar said he wanted a thorough and transparent investigation of the two P200-million insertions to the C-5/Carlos Garcia Avenue budget
<http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2008/sep/21/yehey/top_stories/20080921top1.html>


Japan offers solution to financial crisis

By Duncan Bartlett
Business reporter, BBC News

It is only four years ago that Japan's banking crisis seemed close to triggering a global recession.


Shares are falling as Japanese banks are in trouble yet again

Most of the big banks were in trouble and many seemed to be heading towards bankruptcy.

Given their wealth and global influence, it was often said that if one of the big Japanese banks went under, it would trigger a financial crisis that would spread around the world.

That did not happen, mainly because the Japanese banks purged their bad debts before they went out of business.

It was an expensive and painful process, but could provide a guide as to how America and Europe should respond to the current turmoil. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7623779.stm>


US banks make shock status switch


It has been a testing time for traders around the world

The last two major investment banks in the US have changed their status to become bank holding companies, allowing them to take deposits from investors.

The changes should enable Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley to raise more funds by opening commercial banks.

The move - part of a huge restructuring effort on Wall Street - will also give them access to Federal Reserve support.

The US government has announced a $700bn (£382bn) package to tackle the worst financial crisis for decades.

Congress is considering the plan, drawn up by Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, which would set up a fund to buy back much of the bad debt held by financial institutions, which had triggered the credit crisis. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7628578.stm>


Text of Draft Proposal for Bailout Plan

Published: September 20, 2008

LEGISLATIVE PROPOSAL FOR TREASURY AUTHORITY

TO PURCHASE MORTGAGE-RELATED ASSETS

Section 1. Short Title.

This Act may be cited as ____________________.

Sec. 2. Purchases of Mortgage-Related Assets.

(a) Authority to Purchase.--The Secretary is authorized to purchase, and to make and fund commitments to purchase, on such terms and conditions as determined by the Secretary, mortgage-related assets from any financial institution having its headquarters in the United States.

(b) Necessary Actions.--The Secretary is authorized to take such actions as the Secretary deems necessary to carry out the authorities in this Act, including, without limitation:

(1) appointing such employees as may be required to carry out the authorities in this Act and defining their duties;

(2) entering into contracts, including contracts for services authorized by section 3109 of title 5, United States Code, without regard to any other provision of law regarding public contracts;

(3) designating financial institutions as financial agents of the Government, and they shall perform all such reasonable duties related to this Act as financial agents of the Government as may be required of them;

(4) establishing vehicles that are authorized, subject to supervision by the Secretary, to purchase mortgage-related assets and issue obligations; and

(5) issuing such regulations and other guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to define terms or carry out the authorities of this Act. <http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/21/business/21draftcnd.html?_r=1&oref=slogin>


 ‘RP businessmen do not know  value of intangible IP assets’

  By Max de Leon Reporter 
MPAZI SINJELA, dean of the World Intellectual Property Organization (Wipo) Worldwide Academy, posed the question: Can you find the valuation of the intangible IP (intellectual property) assets of Philippine companies in their books of accounts?

  Adrian Cristobal Jr., director general of the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IP Phils.), has this ready answer, “No, because they don’t even know how to valuate them [IP assets].”
Cristobal said this underscores the fact that Philippine companies, even the big ones like Jollibee and San Miguel Corp., are unable to exploit the market value of their intangible assets.
  In developed countries, Cristobal said companies use the valuation of their IP assets for various gains, including borrowing money against their trademark or copyrights. <http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/09222008/headlines09.html>


Are mobile phones wiping out our bees?

Scientists claim radiation from handsets are to blame for mysterious 'colony collapse' of bees

By Geoffrey Lean and Harriet Shawcross
Sunday, 15 April 2007

It seems like the plot of a particularly far-fetched horror film. But some scientists suggest that our love of the mobile phone could cause massive food shortages, as the world's harvests fail.

They are putting forward the theory that radiation given off by mobile phones and other hi-tech gadgets is a possible answer to one of the more bizarre mysteries ever to happen in the natural world - the abrupt disappearance of the bees that pollinate crops. Late last week, some bee-keepers claimed that the phenomenon - which started in the US, then spread to continental Europe - was beginning to hit Britain as well.

The theory is that radiation from mobile phones interferes with bees' navigation systems, preventing the famously homeloving species from finding their way back to their hives. Improbable as it may seem, there is now evidence to back this up.

Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) occurs when a hive's inhabitants suddenly disappear, leaving only queens, eggs and a few immature workers, like so many apian Mary Celestes. The vanished bees are never found, but thought to die singly far from home. The parasites, wildlife and other bees that normally raid the honey and pollen left behind when a colony dies, refuse to go anywhere near the abandoned hives.

The alarm was first sounded last autumn, but has now hit half of all American states. The West Coast is thought to have lost 60 per cent of its commercial bee population, with 70 per cent missing on the East Coast.

CCD has since spread to Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece. And last week John Chapple, one of London's biggest bee-keepers, announced that 23 of his 40 hives have been abruptly abandoned.

Other apiarists have recorded losses in Scotland, Wales and north-west England, but the Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs insisted: "There is absolutely no evidence of CCD in the UK."

The implications of the spread are alarming. Most of the world's crops depend on pollination by bees. Albert Einstein once said that if the bees disappeared, "man would have only four years of life left".

No one knows why it is happening. Theories involving mites, pesticides, global warming and GM crops have been proposed, but all have drawbacks.

German research has long shown that bees' behaviour changes near power lines.

Now a limited study at Landau University has found that bees refuse to return to their hives when mobile phones are placed nearby. Dr Jochen Kuhn, who carried it out, said this could provide a "hint" to a possible cause.

Dr George Carlo, who headed a massive study by the US government and mobile phone industry of hazards from mobiles in the Nineties, said: "I am convinced the possibility is real."

The case against handsets

Evidence of dangers to people from mobile phones is increasing. But proof is still lacking, largely because many of the biggest perils, such as cancer, take decades to show up.

Most research on cancer has so far proved inconclusive. But an official Finnish study found that people who used the phones for more than 10 years were 40 per cent more likely to get a brain tumour on the same side as they held the handset.

Equally alarming, blue-chip Swedish research revealed that radiation from mobile phones killed off brain cells, suggesting that today's teenagers could go senile in the prime of their lives.

Studies in India and the US have raised the possibility that men who use mobile phones heavily have reduced sperm counts. And, more prosaically, doctors have identified the condition of "text thumb", a form of RSI from constant texting.

Professor Sir William Stewart, who has headed two official inquiries, warned that children under eight should not use mobiles and made a series of safety recommendations, largely ignored by ministers. <http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/are-mobile-phones-wiping-out-our-bees-444768.html>


Microsoft unveils $40bn buy-back


Investors tend to cheer buybacks because it boosts existing share prices

Microsoft has unveiled plans to spend $40bn (£22bn) buying back its shares from investors, the biggest single buy-back plan in history.

Analysts say the move is an attempt by the software giant to use its spare cash to prop up its share price which has fallen by almost 30% this year.

Hewlett-Packard and Nike have also announced major buy-back programmes.

The personal computer-maker will buy back $8bn of shares, while Nike's plan is worth $5bn.

'Attractive prices'

Microsoft said the buy-back plan showed its "confidence in the long-term growth of the company and our commitment to returning capital to our shareholders."

Industry watchers have said Microsoft will be hoping the plan will revive its share price which has declined this year, partly due to its failed $47.5bn (£26.3) bid to buy the internet portal Yahoo.

"I'm impressed," said Michael Holland of the deals. He oversees $4bn (£2.2bn) as chairman and founder of Holland & Co in New York.

"When companies have come in to buy their own stock subsequent to a financial crisis, they've bought at attractive prices and it's been a good use of liquidity," Mr Holland told Bloomberg News.


Microsoft stock rose 4% at the start of trading

At the end of June this year, the company was sitting on a cash mountain of $23.7bn and has never been in debt in its 33-year history.

The BBC's technology reporter Maggie Shiels said there was little doubt Microsoft had to do something because it simply had too much cash lying on its books following the company's failed attempt to buy either all or part of Yahoo.

Dealogic said the new buy-back, which will run until 2013, is the single biggest share buy-back in history. It follows a previous 2004 plan which started as a $30bn project and was later boosted by another $10bn. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7630508.stm>


Morgan Stanley in 20% stake sale



Morgan Stanley shares surged after Japanese banking giant Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group said it would buy a stake in the bruised Wall Street bank.

The Japanese group said the stake will account for 10% to 20% of Morgan Stanley's common shares.

A price has not yet been decided. Further details will be revealed after the group has completed due diligence.

Morgan Stanley has been humbled by the credit crisis tearing through the world's financial system.

A tie-up with Mitsubishi UFJ - the world's second largest bank holding company with $1.1 trillion (£595bn) in deposits - would allow New York-based Morgan Stanley to shore up its capital base.

"As one of the largest commercial banks in the world, Mitsubishi UFJ would be a valuable partner as we transition to a bank holding company and build our bank services and deposit base," said John J. Mack, Morgan Stanley's chairman and chief executive.

Morgan Stanley shares shot up as much as 16% on the news and were trading up almost $3, or 10.7%, at $30.13 in early New York trade.

But they are still much lower than their 2007 peak of $74 last June, shortly before the credit crisis unfolded. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7629516.stm>


US bail-out plan provokes doubts


Markets have seen huge volatility recently

Doubts over the speed at which the US financial bail-out plan can be introduced have emerged from both Democrats and Republicans.

Contentious issues include limiting compensation for bosses of rescued firms and wider help for Americans who could lose their homes.

Lawmakers from both sides say they need more time for debate, but a leading Democrat said progress was being made.

The White House says Congress must back the plan to prevent more economic harm.

President George W Bush said the world was watching to see if "we can act quickly to shore up our markets".

Details of the $700bn (£382bn) package are still being worked out.

Meetings took place over the weekend between Federal Reserve head Ben Bernanke, US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and members of Congress to try to seek consensus on the plan.

However uncertainty over how the programme will work caused the Dow Jones share index to fall by more than 370 points, or 3.27%, wiping out the gains made during Friday's rally.<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7629823.stm>


Shares slide amid bail-out fears


Monday's falls wiped out Friday's gains in the US
Shares in Asia opened lower amid uncertainty about the impact of the massive US financial bail-out plan.

The falls followed a sharp slide in the US, where the administration has been discussing the $700bn (£382bn) rescue plan with lawmakers.

The White House says Congress must back the proposed bail-out to prevent wider economic harm.

But doubts over the speed at which it can be introduced have emerged from both Democrats and Republicans.

Many politicians appear alarmed by the scale and implications of the global financial crisis.

While most are anxious to find bi-partisan ways of getting behind the bail-out, others are critical of what they see as a waste of taxpayers' money, correspondents say. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7630578.stm>


Economy dominates as UN meets

By Bridget Kendall
Diplomatic correspondent, BBC News, New York


Ban Ki-moon told delegates world leaders needed to work together
By 0730 outside the United Nations headquarters in New York, police were huddled on the pavement, getting a final briefing from commanding officers.

Every year there seems to be more and more of them. Along with the armed patrol boats churning up and down the East River, the security cordon gets tighter.

For journalists trying to make their way into the building, laden with laptops and cameras, it is an uphill struggle.

This year was US President George W Bush's valedictory speech to the body he has had such a rocky relationship with over his eight years in office.

The last of the main speakers to hurry in, he arrived well after the first speeches had started - too much financial business on his mind, perhaps.

Even so he cheerily waved at the cameras.

On the podium he did, as expected, offer reassurances on the current financial crisis.


The terrorists believe time is on their side, so they made waiting out civilised nations part of their strategy
George W Bush

He had taken "bold steps", he said, and the new Wall Street bail-out he was still negotiating with Congress would, he claimed, be enacted within the urgent time-frame needed.

But what Mr Bush really wanted to dwell on were those favourite themes which perhaps he still hopes will define his legacy - battles for freedom and against terrorism.

"Some may be tempted to assume the threat has receded," he said.

"This would be comforting but it would be wrong.

"The terrorists believe time is on their side, so they made waiting out civilised nations part of their strategy."

A hint, perhaps, of a presidential worry that whoever his successor is, he may not give combating international terrorism the same priority. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7632769.stm>


Patent system 'stifling science'

By James Morgan
Science reporter, BBC News


Patent headaches have delayed the release of "golden" rice (right)

Life-saving scientific research is being stifled by a "broken" patent system, according to a new report.

"Blocking patents" are delaying advances in cancer medicine and food crops, says the Canada-based Innovation Partnership, a non-profit consultancy.

The full benefits of synthetic biology and nanotechnology will not be realised without urgent reforms to encourage sharing of information, they say.

Their findings will be reported next week to UK policymakers and NGOs.

The report is compiled by the Innovation Partnership's International Expert Group on Biotechnology, Innovation and Intellectual Property.

It cites examples of medical advances which have been delayed from reaching people in need - in both the developed and developing world.

These include HIV/Aids drugs, cancer screening tests, and rice engineered to contain vitamin A.

In pharmacy, we no longer see much discovery - we see firms playing safe and holding onto their turf
Pat Mooney, ETC Group

The authors offer guidelines for a transition from "Old IP" to "New IP", in which companies, researchers and governments recognise that sharing information is mutually beneficial.

"If we are to turn the atoms of publicly funded discovery into molecules of innovation... we have to make sure research avenues stay open," said the report's lead author, Professor Richard Gold.

"That doesn't mean there will be no patents. It simply means that patents don't become a barrier to early stage research.

"We do not want to end up in the same situation with nanotechnology that we are in with genetics." <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7632318.stm>


DepEd wasted millions from its 2007 budget, study shows

MANILA, Philippines - The Department of Education (DepEd) wasted millions of pesos from its 2007 budget, the Congressional Planning and Budget Department (CPBD) said on Wednesday.

Citing the 2007 audit report of the Commission on Audit (COA), the CPBD - in its agency budget notes for September 2008 - said millions in DepEd's budget for last year were wasted either through non-utilization, misallocation or purchase of inferior equipment.

"Information and multi-media equipment packages amounting to no less than P667.95 million were neither utilized nor maximized for classroom instructions in 13 regions because they were either defective or distributed to schools which were not strictly selected in accordance with the approved criteria, resulting in the wasteful storage or utilization of the units," the CPBD report stated.

Acute classroom shortages in 2,929 schools were also left unaddressed because school building projects worth at least P597.796 million were spent instead on 1,329 school sites that had the least need for buildings and classrooms, the report stated.

Likewise, 84,254 sets of tables and chairs and 150,748 armchairs costing P197 million were allocated to 2,777 elementary and 899 secondary schools that already had adequate seat provisions from 2004-2007 instead of giving them to 2,764 elementary and secondary schools with acute seat shortages.

The CPDB further said the COA report disclosed that while the number of undistributed textbooks decreased from 2006 to 2007, a total of 1,275,056 copies of unused textbooks or manuals costing at least P57.3 million remained stored in school stockrooms or libraries in 2007.

The COA report also showed that "unnecessary expenses and waste of time and effort by school personnel and parent-student beneficiaries" occurred due to school implementers' non-compliance with DepEd guidelines on the implementation of the Food for School program and violations of the existing rice supply contact of the National Food Authority, said the CPBD.

The CPBD likewise noted that while participation in secondary schools increased from 57 percent to 58 percent from 2001 to 2006, elementary school participation declined from 90 percent to 83 percent.

The overall achievement rate for school year 2006 to 2007 also remained low for both levels, with 60 percent for elementary and 47 percent for high school, said the CPBD.

The report said the failure to meet the 2005 Medium Term Philippine Development Program Plan (MTPDP) targets for key indicators for basic education such as participation, cohort survival, and dropout rates for both elementary and secondary levels indicate that there is low probability to meeting the 2010 MTPDP targets.

The Department of Budget and Management (DBM) has allocated P167.94 billion for the DepEd for 2009, a 13 percent increase from 2008's P149.25 billion.

During the budget briefing last Sept. 11, DepEd Secretary Jesli Lapus said the 2009 allocation is still inadequate as the increase in the DepEd should be at par with the increase in the P1.41-trillion national budget for 2009, which increased by P15.32 percent from 2008.

Under the P167.94 billion budget allotted by the Budget department, the DepEd is planning to allot P136.82 billion for personal services, a 19 percent increase from 2008's P114.77 billion.

However, the funds for maintenance and other operating expenses (MOOE) is likely to go down by 7 percent, from 2008's P21.73 billion to the proposed P20.27 for 2009.

Only P10.85 billion will be allotted for capital outlay, which includes school building constructions, a 15 percent decrease from P12.75 billion in 2008. - Johanna Camille Sisante, GMANews.TV <http://www.gmanews.tv/story/122500/DepEd-wasted-millions-from-its-2007-budget-study-shows>


Bernanke demands bail-out action


Mr Bernanke has urged the bail-out to go through

The chairman of the US Federal Reserve has urged politicians to "act quickly" to support the proposed $700bn (£378bn) bail-out of the financial markets.

The US economic outlook was "quite adverse" if measures were not taken, Ben Bernanke said.

Mr Bernanke said Congress must "address the grave threats to financial stability that we currently face".

On Tuesday politicians expressed strong scepticism about the bail-out following a five-hour Senate hearing on the plan.

Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson had told already the banking panel that delaying the $700bn (£382bn) bail-out would put the entire US economy at risk.

But both Democratic and Republican congressmen said they wanted assurances that the plan would benefit ordinary American home-owners as well as Wall Street. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7634017.stm>


Key finance firms 'probed by FBI'


The US government has stepped in to rescue some struggling institutions

The FBI has begun an investigation into four major US financial institutions caught up in the current financial crisis, US media say.

Investigators are reportedly examining possible fraud by mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the failed bank Lehman Brothers and insurer AIG.

Top managers at those firms are also being investigated, the reports say.

In the past year, as the US housing market slumped, the FBI began a broad inquiry across the financial sector.

It was prompted by concerns over the way high-risk, "sub-prime" mortgages were being sold.

The FBI has been looking at lenders who sold home loans to buyers on low or unpredictable incomes and also the investment banks that packaged these loans and sold them on. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7632790.stm>


Withdrawals hit Bank of East Asia


Customers of BEA formed long queues after rumours sparked panic

The Bank of East Asia has denied rumours that it is in financial trouble, after thousands of customers queued to withdraw their savings.

After weeks of global market turmoil, lines of people quickly formed outside the bank's branches in Hong Kong.

In a statement, the bank said the rumours were malicious and untruthful, and they had informed the police.

The speculation was believed to have been spread by mobile phone, and drove the bank's share price down by 11%.

The rumours started earlier this week and customers descended on branches on Wednesday, despite bank staff handing out leaflets to the crowds denying that the bank was in financial difficulty. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7633468.stm>


E Timor's wealth: blessing or curse?

By Lucy Williamson
BBC News


The goverment is sitting on lots of money, while people are still poor

One day, perhaps, the place where Isabel sits will be a five-star hotel, its private villas looking on the beach, its grand entrance frowning down on the western corner of Dili's beach road.

But for now, six years after independence from Indonesia, there is just Isabel.

Her flimsy bamboo stall shades her from the sun's glare, her tiny piles of tomatoes and garlic are waiting naked in the afternoon heat for a sale.

Six years of independence, and East Timor's capital city is holding its breath.

Two governments, multinational forces numbering thousands, billions of dollars of international money - and yet people like Isabel are still saying life was better under the Indonesians.

"People could afford to buy things then." she said. "Now we just sit here at the stall all day, and perhaps we'll earn a dollar or two." <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7629881.stm>


EDF completes UK nuclear line-up

Analysis
By Jorn Madslien
Business reporter, BBC News


Less than two months after British Energy shareholders walked away from an earlier deal, EDF has bagged the UK nuclear power generator in a £12.4bn deal.


Britain's nuclear future is expected to be dominated by French firms

Selling British Energy to EDF is about more than just a handover of physical assets.

The deal also completes the line-up of participants in a nuclear race that will lead to the creation of two essentially new branches of Britain's nuclear industry.

One is needed to clean up the mess left behind after half a century of nuclear weapons and energy production.

The other is getting ready to build an entirely new generation of at least eight nuclear reactors, after the government gave the go-ahead for the rebirth of the nuclear industry early this year.

"The role for nuclear new-build as an integral part of UK energy policy is now firmly established," according to British Energy's chief executive, Bill Coley. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7532542.stm>


Belarus poll: 'A wind of change'?

Belarus holds parliamentary elections on Sunday, amid signs that the former Soviet republic run by authoritarian President Alexander Lukashenko may be opening up to the world.

The BBC's Gabriel Gatehouse looks at how ordinary people live in what has been called Europe's "last outpost of tyranny."


The only change Valentina can think of is gas and electricity in her house

A typical Belarusian autumn country scene: in the light rain, Valentina Egorovna, who is 85 years old, was gathering what remained of the potato harvest from her small plot of land behind her wooden home.

Valentina lives in Pagarelka, a small village about 100km (60 miles) from the capital, Minsk. She was being helped by her daughter, who is in her 60s, her son-in-law - in his 40s, and his two daughters, six and four respectively.

"How's life? Life's all right", Valentina said. She can even save a little of her state pension - about $250 (£135) per month - although she still has to work the land despite her age.

Most of the people in the village work in some form or another on the nearby state-run farm.

Asked how her life had changed over the past 25 years, Valentina looked bemused. "How might life have changed for us working people, for us pensioners?"

Ask a babushka this question in neighbouring Russia or Ukraine, and you are virtually guaranteed a long lecture about how good life was in Soviet times. But not here. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7630824.stm>


Bail-out 'vital to easing crisis'


President Bush said urgent action was needed to end turmoil

Americans must support a massive bail-out of financial markets to ease a "serious financial crisis", US President George W Bush has said.

The entire economy was in danger, he said in a live TV speech, and failure to act now would cost more later.

He has invited presidential rivals John McCain and Barack Obama to the White House on Thursday to discuss the $700bn (£378bn) rescue package.

The rivals have disagreed on delaying a TV debate over the economic turmoil.

Mr McCain says he is suspending his campaign to help with the crisis, but Mr Obama says voters now need to hear from the candidates more than ever.

The two men will attend a meeting with administration officials and congressional representatives on Thursday morning in the US capital in a bid to broker a mutually acceptable bail-out deal. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7634810.stm>


Hong Kong bank recovers from run

Customers queue outside the Bank of East Asia to withdraw their savings

The Bank of East Asia (BEA) in Hong Kong has recovered from a run on its deposits, after a cash injection from the government.

Hong Kong's central bank has added an estimated HK$3.9bn ($500m, £269m) to the territory's banking system.

The government has also repeated the bank's assurances that it is sound and that depositors have nothing to fear.

On Wednesday, rumours that the bank was vulnerable spurred thousands of people to withdraw their money.

On Thursday, the queues at bank branches were much smaller and before midday local time, the stock market had recovered most of what it had lost the day before. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7634895.stm>


UN forecasts boom in 'green jobs'


Solar panels will be a booming industry, says the report

The UN says millions of new jobs will be created worldwide over the next few decades by the development of alternative energy technologies.

More than a million people already work in biofuels, but a UN report says that could rise by 12 million by 2030.

It says "green jobs" depend on a shift of subsidies from oil and natural gas to wind, solar, and geothermal power.

New jobs could also include the expansion of recycling and making environmentally friendly vehicles.

The report, 'Green Jobs: Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low-Carbon World', was commissioned and funded by the UN's Environment Programme (Unep).

It says the manufacture, installation and maintenance of solar panels should add 6.3 million jobs by 2030, while wind power should add more than two million jobs. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7634792.stm>


Hollywood 'paid fortune to smoke'

Tobacco firms paid huge amounts for endorsements from the stars of Hollywood's "Golden Age".

Industry documents released following anti-smoking lawsuits reveal the extent of the relationship between tobacco and movie studios.

One firm paid more than $3m in today's money in one year to stars.

Researchers writing in the Tobacco Control journal said "classic" films of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s still helped promote smoking today.

As in the 1930s, nothing today prevents the global tobacco industry from influencing the film industry in any number of ways
University of California researchers

Virtually all of the biggest names of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s were involved in paid cigarette promotion, according to the University of California at San Francisco researchers.

They obtained endorsement contracts signed at the times to help them calculate just how much money was involved.

According to the research, stars prepared to endorse tobacco included Clark Gable, Cary Grant, Spencer Tracy, Joan Crawford, John Wayne, Bette Davis and Betty Grable. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7632963.stm>


Middle East Quartet 'is failing'

By Kim Ghattas
BBC News, New York


The report said the Quartet had failed to halt settlement expansion

Aid agencies have accused the Middle East Quartet of failing in its mission and urged it to increase its efforts.

In a report, the agencies said the Quartet - which comprises Russia, the US, the EU and the UN - had failed to make progress on a number of fronts.

The report was issued ahead of a Quartet meeting in New York on Friday.

The Bush administration has been seeking a peace deal between Israelis and Palestinians by year-end but this is looking increasingly unlikely. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7634894.stm>


Local pharmaceutical industry backs stronger BFAD

MANILA, Philippines — The Philippine Chamber of Pharmaceutical Industry (PCPI) on Thursday throw its support behind a move to strengthen the Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD).

It also urged the agency to improve its procedures and implement a supportive regulatory policy most especially for Filipino drug companies, for competition to thrive and bring down the prices of medicines.

"We are very hopeful that the passage of the Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act (of 2008), which contains a very important provision of allowing BFAD to keep its revenues will pave the way for augmentation of the agency's depleted manpower, upgrade its facilities, equipment outlay, human resource development and expansion, and other requirements to effectively implement this law," said Edward Isaac, PCPI vice president said in a statement.

Isaac said PCPI supported the passage of RA 9502, or the Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008, as it espouses level playing field and free competition.

The group said competition not only lowers the prices but extends access of affordable medicine to the majority of the people who finds it painful to buy medicines.

Isaac said BFAD can help achieve a faster and more efficient way of getting the products of Filipinos both the manufacturers and importers into the market.

"The BFAD may adopt a new mindset of not just a regulatory office but likewise a promoter and catalyst for social and national change. I believe these mindsets are not diametrically opposed and in fact complementary to the vision of accessible medicines," he said.

Isaac made his appeal during the two-day Generics Summit organized by the Department of Health, Philippine International Trading Corp. (PITC) and the PCPI.

Hewas one of the reactors in the presentation of the IMS data wherein the market share of branded-generics and generics vs. the innovator drugs has reached almost parity in terms of unit sales reaching to as high as 47% in some therapeutic categories.

"More patients and even doctors are recognizing the quality and efficacy of the generic drugs. One glaring example is Neobloc. A brand of metoprolol, this beta blocker not only leads all beta blockers in unit sales but in terms of peso value as well. Truly an inspiring accomplishment from a Filipino company," said Isaac. <http://www.gmanews.tv/story/122866/Local-pharmaceutical-industry-backs-stronger-BFAD>

French restaurants feel the pinch

By Hugh Schofield
Paris


Restaurateur Jean-Pierre Difolco says the average bill has plummeted
Economic gloom is hitting the French where it hurts most - their tastebuds - as they rein in their eating habits to balance the monthly budget.

New figures show that the bankruptcy rate among restaurants and cafes has skyrocketed since the start of the year - because ordinary people lack the means to dine out.

A long-standing trend from the sit-down towards the take-away is now being exacerbated by financial penury, and many fear that an essential part of the nation's art de la vie is under threat.

Alarm bells were rung this week following a report by market research company Euler Hermes, which found that about 3,000 establishments went out of business in the six months from January.

Of these, some 1,790 were traditional restaurants - a 25% increase on the year before - 530 were fast-food outlets (up 19%); and 610 were cafes and bars (up 56%). <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7634217.stm>



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Global Economics-9
Globalisation Index
News Index
Index Nation States
Index Cultural Systems
Some personal Reflections on the  News
Theory Forming and Articulation
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